Research into the music industry

How are music videos generally made? 
What is the production process?

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What is the purpose of a music video for the companies/artists that make them?

A music video has several purposes for companies and artists when they are created. First and foremost their purpose is to serve as a marketing tool with the intention of promotion as well as increase the sales of records. They also aim to leave a lasting impression on the audience through several features like imagery or the edit. Another use of a music video is to provide the listener a greater understanding of the song especially if it is a narrative style. They also help to provide exposure and expansion for an artist profile through creating something of an entertainment value. 

Who are some famous music video directors and why are their videos so well known/successful?

DAVID FINCHER

   

David Fincher has built up a portfolio that expands decades from directing Hollywood blockbusters to multi-selling platinum music videos he is well known with his work on "Express yourself", Madonna (1989); "Vogue", Madonna (1990). The compelling cinematography that can range in mood from darker appearance to bubbly pop makes him versatile in his style of directing. It also makes him capable to adapt his skills to fit a wide range of artists who identify themselves within different genres. 

SPIKE JONZE

Jonze's artist portfolio on who he's worked with touches a range of genres from indie to hip-hop stars which shows to versatility as well as creative ability to work with different genres that each have their own criteria's for music videos. He's known from steering away from conventional videos that MTV stream and creates his own style which makes him an influential figure. The individuality of Spike's music videos contributes to his success as a music video director and is responsible for videos like "Flashing lights", Kanye West (2008); "The Suburbs", Arcade Fire (2010); "Otis", Jay Z & Kanye West (2011). 

F. GARY GRAY

Gray has been heavily involved with shooting hip-hop videos that are well known and influential. Some of Gray's contributions include "Waterfalls", TLC (1995); "Show me what you got", Jay Z (2006); "It was a good day", Ice cube (1992). Working alongside Ice Cube for the "It was a good day" single, Gray continuously expresses his talent through his ability to provide visual aid alongside the strong narrative.   

These music video directors share in common their ability to add visual compliments to songs that will appeal to an audience of viewers. They are able to entertain the audience as well as sell artist brand and image in a memorable manner decades on. 


How much money is usually spent on the average music video? Have any been made very cheaply or are there any that have had huge budgets?

The amount of money spent of music videos varies for many reasons and very often they can be based on whether the money comes from the artists pocket or a major record label. A music video is often considered a part of the promotional package so therefore the money spent on the video can contribute greatly to the success of the single. Most notably David Bowie spent as little as $12.99 on his 2013 video for "Love is lost" which just goes to show that money is not always necessary.  The most expensive music video recorded was  by director Mark Romanek for Michael and Janet Jackson "Scream" for $10,546,626. This just goes to show that price can alternate for music videos and can depend on who's funding the promotional tool. The large expenses can cover a range of features of the music video like production equipment, cast and crew, props, food, editing and post production. 

How do audiences access music videos? Where can they be seen?

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